>>641very good so far, debunks the "tragedy of the commons" with actual evidence rather than rethoric or appeals to people's good nature.
"Analysts who find an empirical situation with a structure presumed to be a
commons dilemma often call for the imposition of a solution by an external
actor: The “only way” to solve a commons dilemma is by doing X. Underlying
such a claim is the belief that X is necessary and sufficient to solve the commons
dilemma. But the content of X could hardly be more variable. One set of
advocates presumes that a central authority must assume continuing
responsibility to make unitary decisions for a particular resource. The other
presumes that a central authority should parcel out ownership rights to the
resource and then allow individuals to pursue their own self-interests within a set
of well-defined property· rights. Both centralization advocates and privatization
advocates accept as a central tenet that institutional change must come from
outside and be imposed on the individuals affected. Despite sharing a faith in the
necessity and efficacy of “the state” to change institutions so as to increase
efficiency, the institutional changes they recommend could hardly be further
apart."